In this study physicians found that participants with nonspecific acute and subacute lower back pain had higher depression scores (using the Beck Depression Inventory) than those with no-pain.

However, the strength of this relationship was dependent on age.

The results suggest that, in particular, patients in the age range from 40 to 80 years with lower back pain could require more psychological care in addition to any medical or physical therapy.

Reference:

Calcolobo C, et al., Relationship of depression in participants with nonspecific acute or subacute low back pain or no-pain by age distribution. Journal of Pain Research, 01/19/2017